Things to review and be able to answer:
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What functional groups are important for making biomolecules?
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What is a carbohydrate? What is its ratio and general formula?
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What 2 groups of carbohydrates are there (based on size/linkages)?
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What are 3 kinds of polysaccharides and what organisms can you find each
in?
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What important roles (more than 1) do lipids have in living organisms?
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What physical/chemical property do lipids display that makes them unique?
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Where can you find lipids in a cell?
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What is the purpose of DNA in a cell? What is it (ultimately) used to make?
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What are 4 types (groups) of Lipids?
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What makes phospholipids unique in terms of their chemistry? What physical
property do they display?
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What cell structure are phospholipids important in the formation of?
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What part of a triglyceride determines whether it is solid or liquid at room
temp? What about its structure changes to make it solid or liquid?
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What is the most hydrophobic of all lipids?
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What are 2 kinds of steroids and where can they be found in cells?
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What is the 3 parts structure of DNA, and what larger structure do 2 strands
of DNA form?
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What is the purpose of DNA in a cell? What is it used to make?
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What jobs do proteins have in living organisms?
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What is a protein composed of ?
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What is the basic structure of an amino acid (how many parts does it have,
and list them)?
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How many amino acids are there in total, and how many are essential? What
does essential mean?
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What is the endomemebrane system? What organelles does it include? List
all of them and their basic function.
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What is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts? Can you find
both in all eukaryotic cells? If no, where are they located?
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What are the big differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Be
able to list at least 3 differences
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Differences between plant and animal cells, know at least 3 differences.
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What does the cytoskeleton do? What 3 elements does it contain?
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What do microfilaments do besides provide structure for a cell?
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What specialized structures do microtubules form for locomotion of cells?
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What is the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryotic cells?
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What organelles show evidence of endosymbiosis?
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Give 2 pieces of evidence for endosymbiosis of eukaryotic organelles.
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What biomolecules make up the composition of cell membranes?
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What 2 types of lipids are most abundant in membranes?
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What role do proteins play in membranes (at least 3)?
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What kinds of molecules can pass through a membrane unaided (using
diffusion)?
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What kinds of molecules cant make it through a membrane unaided?
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What is a gradient?
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What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
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What happens to a cell in each of the following situations: isotonic solution,
hypotonic solution, hypertonic solution? Be able to draw a picture of a cell in
each situation and label concentrations of solutes and movement of water.
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What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
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What is the reason for active transport in cells? What does this type of
transport ultimately create?
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What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
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What are the 2 forms of endocytosis and what is the difference between
them?
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What kinds of materials are transported into and out of cells through endo
and exocytosis?
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What is the relationship between homeostasis and transport of materials in
cells?
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What is energy? What is work?
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What are the 2 types of energy that exist?
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Give a real life example of both types of energy in living systems
